| 《科学》（20260326出版）一周论文导读 |
编译|冯维维
Science,科学26 MAR 2026,VOLUME 391,ISSUE 6792
《科学》 ，2026年3月26日 ，出版第391卷 ，周论6792期
人工智能Artificial Intelligence
Sycophantic AI decreases prosocial intentions and 文导promotes dependence
凑趣型AI会降低亲社会希看并繁衍依托心思
▲ 作者 ：MYRA CHENG, CINOO LEE, PRANAV KHADPE, SUNNY YU, DYLLAN HAN, AND DAN JURAFSKY
▲链接 ：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec8352
▲摘要 ：
人工智能（AI）聊天机械人所默示出的凑趣行动（凑趣 、凑趣儿 、读旧一味必定） ，事科其筹划初志是学网汲引用户介入度 ，但跟着人们愈来愈多地借助AI措置人际困境 ，科学这类行动也带来了风险 。出版
人际冲突中的周论义务经常不止一面
。假定AI的文导筹划逻辑是只说用户爱听的话 ，而非对其不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不美不雅不雅不雅不雅念提出质疑，读旧那么这类琐细可否还能促令人们为本身在冲突中的事科义务举办反思 、并主动修复相干 ？学网
研究者对11款主流除夜言语模型的敷衍凑趣程度展开了量化评价。
下场展示 ，科学模型的凑趣程度比人类超出超出近50%
，即应用户的行动触及不人品 、背法或无害内容时还是如斯。用户更偏爱、也更信赖凑趣型AI的答复 ，这使得斥地者即便知晓其埋伏风险，仍有动力保管凑趣特点
。
▲ Abstract：
The sycophantic (flattering, people-pleasing, affirming) behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, which has been designed to increase user engagement, poses risks as people increasingly seek advice about interpersonal dilemmas. There is usually more than one side to a story during interpersonal conflicts. If AI is designed to tell users what they want to hear instead of challenging their perspectives, then are such systems likely to motivate people to accept responsibility for their own contribution to conflicts and repair relationships? Cheng et al. measured the prevalence of social sycophancy across 11 leading large language models. The model’s responses were nearly 50% more sycophantic than humans’, even when users engaged in unethical, illegal, or harmful behaviors. Users preferred and trusted sycophantic AI responses, incentivizing AI developers to preserve sycophancy despite the risks .
物理学Physics
High-dimensional topological photonic entanglement
高维拓扑光子纠缠
▲ 作者：M. JAVAD ZAKERI, ARMANDO PEREZ-LEIJA, AND ANDREA BLANCO-REDONDO
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec1344
▲摘要 ：
高维量子态的产生发火与操控是现代量子筹算的中心 。独霸拓扑对量子信息举办鲁棒性编码与传输 ，在凝集态物理中已掉落踪掉落踪普及研究 ，比来几年来也进进量子光子学局限 。可是 ，如今仍贫窭一种可扩大年夜大年夜大年夜大年夜至除夜量纠缠拓扑光子编制的完成路途。
研究展示了一种产生发火高维拓扑光子纠缠的编制 。该平台基于筹划的硅基光子波导拓扑超晶格 ，可在多个拓扑编制的叠加态上 ，完成能量-时分纠缠光子对的非线性产生发火 。
研究者不美不美不雅察到多达5个拓扑编制的强纠缠特点 ，且对纳米加工偏向具有鲁棒性 ，为构建可扩大年夜大年夜大年夜大年夜 、容错的量子光子态供给了可行路途 。
▲ Abstract ：
The generation and manipulation of high-dimensional quantum states lies at the heart of modern quantum computation. The use of topology to resiliently encode and transport quantum information has been widely investigated in condensed matter and has recently penetrated quantum photonics. However, a route to scale up to a large number of entangled topological photonic modes has been missing. In this work, we demonstrate a method to generate high-dimensional topological photonic entanglement. Our platform relies on designed silicon photonic waveguide topological superlattices, which support nonlinear generation of energy-time–entangled photon pairs on a superposition of multiple topological modes. We show strong signatures of entanglement of up to five topological modes with resilience to nanofabrication imperfections, providing a route toward scalable, fault-tolerant quantum photonic states.
Experimental evidence of a liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water
过冷水中液-液临界点的考验考验证据
▲ 作者：SEONJU YOU, MARJORIE LADD-PARADA, KYEONGMIN NAM, AIGERIM KARINA, SEOYOUNG LEE, MYEONGSIK SHIN, CHEOLHEE YANG, YESEUL HAN, SANGMIN JEONG, AND ANDERS NILSSON
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec0018
▲摘要 ：
因为疾速结晶 ，寻觅过冷水中的液-液临界点极具挑衅性 。研究者独霸红外超快激光脉冲加热高密度与低密度非晶冰 ，并在冰晶构成前的时分标准内 ，经由过程X射线散射对过冷水举办研究 。
经由过程改削泵浦激光的能量密度，他们掉落踪掉落踪了超出幻想料想临界点的液态，不美不美不雅察到从不延续相变到延续相变的改削 ，该过程伴随普及且迟缓的筹划改削，这与临界涨落与临界慢化气候齐截 。
研究者还不美不美不雅察到热容急剧增除夜 ，注解在210±8K温度下展示临界发散 ，同时密度涨落加强 。研究注解，考验考验探测到了过冷水临界点邻近的区域。
▲ Abstract ：
The search for the liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water is challenging owing to rapid crystallization. We studied supercooled water at timescales before ice formation by heating high- and low-density amorphous ices using infrared ultrafast laser pulses, followed by x-ray scattering. By varying the pump laser fluence, we accessed liquid states straddling the predicted critical point. We observed a crossover from a discontinuous to a continuous transition at which broad and slow structural variations occurred, consistent with critical fluctuations and slowing down. We also observed a rapid increase in the heat capacity indicating a critical divergence at 210 ± 8 K coincident with enhanced density fluctuations. These results suggest that our experiments have directly probed the vicinity of a critical point in supercooled water.
生命科学Life Science
A genetically encoded device for transcriptome storage in mammalian cells
用于哺乳植物细胞转录组存储的基因编码拆卸
▲ 作者：YU-KAI CHAO, MICHELLE WU, QIYU GONG, AND FEI CHEN
▲链接 ：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz9353
▲摘要 ：
若能为细胞的生命过程设备一台近似“黑匣子”的遨游飞翔记实仪 ，将无瑕玷窜细胞决意狡计机制的研究 。可是 ，生物学局限不时贫窭可以记实细胞表型展示之前转录组静态义务的对象 。
研究者经由过程对穹窿体颗粒举办更始 ，在哺乳植物细胞中构建了多么一套分子信息记实琐细 。
独霸该琐细 ，他们对耐药性肺癌举办了溯源式分化 ，并揭穿了未干戈药物的延续性存活细胞的分子特点 。这类在药物泄漏前就分析耐药机制的身手 ，有看辅佐筹划出限制肿瘤掉落踪掉落踪耐药性的医治筹划 。
▲ Abstract ：
A “black box” flight recorder for a cell’s history would transform the study of cellular decision-***, yet biology has lacked the tools to capture the transcriptomic events that precede cellular outcomes. Chao et al. have now engineered such a device by repurposing vault particles to record molecular information in mammalian cells. Using this system, the authors conducted a forensic analysis of drug-resistant lung cancer and uncovered molecular signatures of drug-*** persister cells. The ability to profile resistance mechanisms before drug exposure may enable the design of therapies that limit a tumor’s capacity to acquire drug resistance.
Cooperation by non-kin during birth underpins sperm whale social complexity
非亲缘浅近在临蓐时代的合作是抹喷喷喷喷喷鼻鲸社会宏壮性的根本
▲ 作者：ALAA MAALOUF, JOSEPH DELPRETO, MAXIME LUCAS, SIMONE POETTO, JACOB ANDREAS, ANTONIO TORRALBA, SHANE GERO, GIOVANNI PETRI, DANIELA RUS , AND DAVID F. GRUBER
▲链接 ：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady9280
▲摘要：
研究者定量记实了一次抹喷喷喷喷喷鼻鲸临蓐义务 ，揭穿了其超出亲缘相干的集团合作行动 。经由过程高分辨率无人机记忆 、筹算机视觉与多标准群集分化 ，他们研究了加勒比海一个由两个母系支系构成的抹喷喷喷喷喷鼻鲸群体内的互动行动 。
下场展示 ，一头雌性亲属率先主导临蓐赞助；幼鲸产出后，全数浅近均朝向更生幼鲸并赞助其上浮 ，以调和有序 、跨亲缘的编制轮番赐顾帮衬 。
当然该物种在汗青不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅查询拜访中存在寻食行动隔尽气候 ，但在临蓐时辰 ，亲缘鸿沟磨灭踪踪踪 ，群体全数成员均介入赞助 。
这些分化为非灵长类植物存在临蓐陪护与赞助行动供给了证据 ，而该行动经久以来被认为是人类及其近缘物种独有的特点。
▲ Abstract
：
We quantitatively document a sperm whale birth event, revealing collective support behaviors across kinship lines. Using high-resolution drone footage, computer vision, and multiscale network analysis, we studied the interactions within a Caribbean sperm whale unit comprising two matrilines. Our results suggest that a female family member led birth assistance and that after delivery, all individuals oriented toward and helped lift the newborn, taking turns in a coordinated, cross-kin effort. Despite historically observed foraging segregation, kinship barriers dissolved as all unit members contributed. These analyses provide evidence of birth attendance, or assistance, in a nonprimate species, a behavior long considered characteristic only of humans and their close relatives.
Chromatin buffers torsional stress during transcription
染色质在转录过程中缓冲改削应力
▲ 作者 ：JIN QIAN, LUCYNA LUBKOWSKA, SHUMING ZHANG, CHUANG TAN, YIFENG HONG, XIAOMENG JIA, ROBERT M. FULBRIGHT, JAMES T. INMAN, TARYN M. KAY , AND MICHELLE D. WANG
▲链接 ：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv0134
▲摘要：
RNA聚合酶II（Pol II）是一种沿着DNA挪动的马达酶 ，在挪动过程中会碰着核小体遏制和改削应力 。可是 ，如今尚不了然这两种劝止若何协同影响Pol II的鞭挞 。研究者斥地了单分子检测编制 ，用于及时监测Pol II在改削感染下若何经由过程染色质中的核小体举办转录。
他们创作创造 ，Pol II是一种壮除夜的改削马达
，能产生发火相昔时夜大年夜大年夜的改削力 。滑稽的是，染色质可以缓冲改削应力，从而促进Pol II绕过核小体 。研究揭穿了染色质在调控转录中的感染，注解染色质不单仅是物理樊篱
。
▲ Abstract：
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a motor enzyme that moves along DNA, encountering nucleosome roadblocks and torsional stress. However, it is unclear how these two hindrances coordinate to affect Pol II progression. Qian et al. developed single-molecule assays to monitor how Pol II transcribes through a nucleosome in chromatin under torsion in real time. They found that Pol II is a powerful rotary motor generating considerable torsion. Interestingly, chromatin buffers torsional stress to facilitate Pol II nucleosome bypass. This work reveals a role for chromatin in regulating transcription, demonstrating that it is more than just a physical barrier.
出格声明 ：本文转载仅仅是出于撒播信息的需求，真实不虞味着代表本网站不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不美不雅不雅不雅不雅念或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体 、网站或小我从本网站转载独霸 ，须保管本网站注明的“本源” ，并自卑大年夜大年夜大年夜版权等功令义务；作者假定不盼看被转载或联络转载稿费等义务 ，请与我们联络 。
关注微信
